Chapter 9

-Modulation

Modulation is a signal which gives the addition of information to an electronic signal carrier. The same as morse code which are invented for telegraphy and still used in radios .

-Demodulation

Demodulation is a electronics process by an output wave/signal is obtained having the aspect of the orginal modulating wave/signal. Demodulation process is basically the reverse process of modulation.

-Bandwidth

Bandwidth is a signal process which is passed through frequency or radio bandwidth by the range of frequencies . Bandwidths are normally counted by hertz . Bandwidth could also be the rate of data transfer . These bandwidths are counted by bit rate . 

-TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) is the language or protocol of the internet. The IP is the basic communications to private or public network . You may be able to send the file to another computer which has IP address through the internet.

-Node

Node is a connection point either a redistribution point or communication end point . The definition of node is not fix and it depends on the network and protocol layer. Its probably an active electronic device that is fixed to a network and have to ability to send , receive or forwarding informations through a communication channel.

-Client

Client is an application that is able to access a remote service on another computer system , which is also known as server . Clients that connect to the web server and also get web pages are known as Web browsers.

-Server

Server is a computer program which runs to serve the needs of other programs, also known as clients. Its a software/hardware system which is running on a dedicated computer such as a database server, file server, etc etc

-Network Operating Systems 

A network operating system(NOS) is a software that runs servers and also allows the server to do various functions . The functions such as managing datas, users , groups.security,applications and many more is applied. It also allowed sharing files and printer access among other computer in the network.

Secondary Storage

-Disk caching

 Disk caching is basically have the same function as the one in the computers. It improves the hark disk performance by anticipating the data. The hard disk remembers the number of usage of a certain files or program and keeps it in the cache so it can speed the information transfer.

-File compression

 This program can increase the total storage capcity by minimizing the amount of space taken to store certain datas.With compressed files , you can transfer files from one computer to another much more faster than the actual file.People normally send compressed files through the net.


-File decompression

After the file is compressed and sent through the net , the user needs to decompress the files in order to open what is in the folder. By decompressing means taking out the data and put it onto your desktop . This will takes up much more space than the compressed files.


-Internet hard drive

Internet hard drive is a place where you can store your storage and profiles online . These website must be paid in order the get the space on the internet. This can be much faster and more portable than a normal hard drive . However, the files on the internet hard drive are not safe and might be intruded

-Optical DIsc Drive

A optical disc drive is a disk drive from the desktop which uses laser light or electromagnetic waves that reads and writes data from the computer.These Optical disk drive can work on CD,DVD and Blu-Ray disc . Its often used to burn informations onto the disc.

-Solid-state storage

A solid state storage is a data storage device that is able to store persistent data. It uses micro chips to store the datas in the storage and it contains no moving parts

Input and output

-Ergonomic keyboard

 An ergonomic keyboard is a designed keyboard to reduce strain on the hand while typing . It usually have a V shape similar according to the humans right and left hands. The downfall of this keyboard is expensive , too bulky ,heavy and not easily portable.


-ink-jet printer

 Printers transfer processed information by the system unit and comes out as paper. The Ink jet printer sprays ink at high speed onto the paper to appear as words or images . This type of printer are the most common used because its reliable , quiet and inexpensive.


-laser printer

 Laser printers uses laser to beam to produce words and images similar to a photocopy machine. The resolution of these printers are high quality . Its more expensive than ink-jet printers but its much faster and are mostly used in offices.


-magnetic-ink character

 Magnetic ink character recognitions(MIRC) is a character recognition technology which are usually used by banks . The MIRC allows technologies to read printed information such as cheques account number. MIRC is different from barcodes because the MIRC can be read by humans too .


-optical-character recognition

 Optical character recognition(ORC) is a technology which is able to transfer hand written images to the computer. Most people use this technology to convert books into online files . On the other hand , people also use it to computerize record books , or to publish something online .


-optical-mark recognition

 Optical mark recognition(OMR) is a device that shines a beam of light onto a paper to leave some reflectivity on the paper. The paper is used to detect darker shades of colours because it blocks the reflection of light rather than the blank areas of the paper. This type of papers are mostly used for examinations

System Unit

-RAM

Random access memory (RAM) is a hardware that holds the sequence of instruction and data that the present CPU is processing. Most of the RAMs holds temporary memory only ,everything in the RAM will be lost after the microcomputer is turned off .

-Cache

Cache (normally pronounce as cash) is a hardware that helps improve processing by acting as an high speed holding area between the memory and CPU.Cache helps to speed things up by remembering which things in the RAM is most frequently used .Therefore,CPU can quickly access that program through cache.

-ROM

Read Only Memory(ROM) is a hardware which is built into in the factory itself. This is different from RAM because the things in ROM cannot be changed. This hardware allows CPU the read and retrieve data written on the ROM chip.

-Flash Memory

Flash memory is a non-volatile program memory which can be electronically erased and changed . This is much different from RAM because RAM have to be hardwarelly changed. The use of flash memory is often used to hold control codes such as input and output system in a personal computer.

-Graphic Card

A graphic card is a device that is installed in the computer which consist of graphic processing unit . This program can help display images and graphics , especially 3D graphics.Graphic card also works as a reliever for hardwares and also contain their own memory which strain off the RAM.

-Sound Card

A sound card (also known as audio card) is a internal card that facilicate the input and output of audio signals and transform it into sound waves and produces sound . Usually sound cards provides the audio components such as music composition , audio editing and so on.

-Network Interface Card

A network interface card is a hardware which connects the computer to a computer network resulting to allow the use of internet at home , work etcetc. The network interface card is also known as network adapter or Local Area Network(LAN) adapter.

-Plug and Play

Plug and play is created microsoft since the use of windows 95 and now operating system which allows the user to plug in an device such as microphones, headphones, webcame into the computer .The plug and play hardware will be able to detect and recognize the use of the device which helps to futher technology and human needs.

-Universal Serial Bus port (USB)

Universal Serial Bus port is an external bus port which help to connect  and support data transfer at the rate of 12mbps. A single USB port can be used to connect up to the maximum of 127 peripheral devices such as mice , modems , keyboard. The USB port also supports the use of Plug and play system.

Web authoring

Web authoring is a software which allows the users to create a website in desktop publishing format . This software will generate a required HTML coding for the web pages based on what the user desires to design.

Vector Image

Vector image is a program which uses geometrical primitives based on mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics such as points, lines, curves, polygons and shapes .These vector image formats are complementary to raster graphic ,which is representation of image as an array of pixels .

Multimedia

Multimedia is a combination of multiple content formed such as media and content. It is used in contrast to media which only use traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material.The combination of a multimedia is text ,audio, image ,animation, video and interactivity content forms.

Image editor

Image editor program is a type of software program that have been programmed specially for capturing, editing  and also manipulating images . Not only that , it also can help you to adjust or improve a photo . With this program , you can change the colour output of a certain picture , rotating it as you wish (clockwise or anti-clockwise ) or crop out extras . The examples of  image editor programs are Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator and also CorelDRAW

HTML editor

HTML editor is also called an authoring tool . The HTML editor is a software program that insert those HTML codes as you create a HTML file . Some editors will enable to use of word processing GUI  which will allow you to create HTML documents without the need of any HTML code.

Desktop Publishing Program

Desktop Publishing Program is term converted after the developement of a software . The use of the Desktop Publishing Program is to combine and rearrange text and images , also creating digital files .The documents used are such as for desktop or commercial printing or electronic distribution including PDF, slide shows , emails newsletters and the web .

Bitmap image

In the term of computer graphics , a bitmap or also known as pixmap is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images.Generally, bitmapped image are composed of individual dots which is also known as pixel-based image(BMP). It's very useful and good for photographs and complex drawing.

Audio Editing Software

Audio Editing Software is a computer application for audio editing.The features of audio editing softwares are  sound editing functions include cut, copy, paste, delete, insert, silence, autotrim .Not only that , they can amplify ,normalize ,equaliser, envelope ,reverb, echo and many more.

Utility Suites

Utility Suites is basically a system software designed to help  analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer . Utility suites should be work with an application software which allows the applicant to create text documents ,play games,listen music or surfing the web.

DBMS

A Database Managament System (DBMS) is a computer program which control the creation, maintanance and the use of the database . In any organizations , the control of the database development in the hands of database administrators and specialist. Database Management System is a software which helps the use of integrated collection of data records.

Spreadsheet

Generally , spreadsheet is a computer application which enables you to arrange you information in rows and columns . It's actually quite similar to a accounting worksheet which displays multi  two-dimensional  cells in matrix or grid form . Each cell contains alphanumeric text, numeric values or formulas. A formula is shows how the content of the cell is wish to be calculated from the content of any other cells

Word processor

Word processor is a computer application which allows the usage of composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen , modify it by entering commands andcharacters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer

Graphical user interface

In the term of computing, a graphical user interface (GUI)is a type of user interface that allows users to communicate with electronic devices with images rather than text commands.Microsoft windows is also one of the graphical user interface with basic components such as the pointer, pointing device ,icons,desktop,windows and menu

Internet Security Suite

Internet Security Suites is a program that guards your windows from harm . A term that everyone understand about internet security suites is best describe as anti-virus. This program will provide dozen of utilities that will prevent your computer from getting harmed  .Program that are provided are antivirus , personal firewall , spam blocker and also pop-up blocker.

Filter

In IT term , filter means it can restrict or block the usage of computer on the internet . With it , you are able to block unwanted things from pop-ing up from the internet . The restriction is able to limit to what you are able to use such as parents can limit how long to let their kids use the internet . Other than that , you are also able to set for safety family setting which will block those unrated site or things not suitable for kids.

Plug-in

Plug-in is a hardware or software module that adds specific abilities to a larger software system , in the term of computing. Some different type of plug-in will enable customizing the functionality of an application. Playing videos, scanning for viruses, and displaying new file types are the common plug-in used in the web browser. Have you ever heard of Adobe player, Quick time , Shockwave flash? They are also a part of a plug in !

FTP

File Transfer Protocal(FTP) is a method to transfer files between two different computers through the internet or a network .FTP is a small network based on Internet protocol .HTTP and FTP have almost similar function which is to transfer a web page to a user's browser. Also same goes to SMTP which allows the transfer of electronic mail across the internet. You can download or upload something from/to the internet by the use of FTP too .

Wiki

Generally, wiki is a website that approve the creation and editing of any interlink web pages via the web browser just by using some simple markup language .Wikis are all powered up by a program named wiki software , this program is often used collaboratively by multiple users. Other than that , this program can also be use for notetaking .There's other two function to using wiki , Some permit control over different functions (levels of access). For example editing rights may permit changing, adding or removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control.

Blogs

A blog is a type of website or  a part of a website which are normally mantain by an individual .Blog is a mixture of the recent happenings or personal thoughts of the of something . Almost all the blogs are interactive, they will allow visitors to leave a comment or you can send messages via widgets on the blog. Some of the blogs will provide commentary or news on a particular topic .Besides , blog can also work as an personal online dairy .

Applets

An applet is a little program designed to be executed from within another larger program , often as a plug-in.However , it doesn't function like an application which the applet cannot be executed directly from the Operation System(OS). On the Web,using java, the object-oriented program language, an applet is a small program that can be sent along with a web page to a user.Because applets are small in files size, cross-platform compatible, and highly secure (can't be used to access users' hard drives), they are ideal for small Internet applications accessible from a browser.

The Internet , The web and Electronic commerce

Javascript
Basically, Javascript is a programming language which is found and developed by Netscape which enables web authors to create interactive sites . Eventhough the javascript have many features and structures of the full Java language , it has to be devolope indipendently .Javascript and be intergrated with HTML source code , allowing web authors to beautify their sites with dynamic content .

The Internet. The web and Electronic Commerce

HTML

Hypertext Markup language also known as (HTML) is a set of markup symbols or codes in a file intended to display on the World Wide Web browser . In short , HTML is a basic building blocks of webpages . HTML is the structure and layout of a Web document by using tags and also attributes . The use of the web browser is to read the HTML documents and morph them into visual and audible web pages . These web browsers doesn't show the HTML but uses the text to interpret the content of the page .